The Marxist Concept Of Communism - 1735 Words

To properly understand the Marxist concept of communism, one must start where Marx himself does, with an understanding of the evolution and revolutions that created the current class system. Unlike Rousseau and Hobbes, Marx does not begin with a hypothetical human state of nature, but instead recounts the human history of hierarchy, saying, â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx, 14). He then traces these struggles, from ancient Rome to the problems of his own age, proving that no matter the time period or circumstances, in all recorded history the upper and lower classes have constantly been at odds. This has resulted in an ever changing power structure, the oppressed toppling their†¦show more content†¦Instead of the laborer creating a product, and then reaping the benefits of his own labor, under the bourgeoisie the worker is forced to do menial labor to create products he will never own. Marx categorizes this wo rking class as â€Å"a class of labourers, who live only so long as they can find work, and work only so long as their labour increases capital† (Marx, 18). Marx asserts that the capitalist system forces the worker to sell himself as nothing more than labor, dehumanizing and devaluing himself with every product he creates. According to Marx this causes the worker to lose all individual character and become nothing more than an appendage of the machine (Marx, 18). In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx further explains the concept of alienation, describing three main types: alienation from the product of labour, alienation from the act of production, and finally alienation from one’s own humanity. Marx begins by discussing alienation from the product of one’s labor, because it is the root of all alienation. A laborer, when creating a product, must give a part of himself to it, however, that piece of himself can never be owned by him. Therefore, it is turned into something forging to him. As a worker produces more and more he gives up more and more of himself, â€Å"the worker puts his life into the object; but now his life no longer belongs to him but to the object† (Marx, 29). However, the worker has no choice but toShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Marxist Ideologies And The Soviet Union912 Words   |  4 PagesI aim to address the reason why communism and Marxist ideologies were unsuccessfully received in post war Poland. I will be arguing *that Marxism was made into a tool of oppression by the Soviet Union, and therefore became illegitimate in itself. I intend on arguing this theory by investigating the goal of the Soviet Union. In addition to this I will identifying instances where the Soviets and communist puppet parties in Poland had strayed from traditional Marxist ideologies. Finally I will recognizeRead MoreMarxist Theory on Crime and Punishment Essays742 Words   |  3 PagesK1 Danielle  K Marxist  Theory  and  Crime  and  Punishment Throughout  human  history  countless  philosophers  have  risen  with  what  they  thought  to  be  the best  form  of  government  for  society  as  a  whole.  Ã‚  Karl  Marx  may  be  the  most  influential  philosopher  in Russian  history.  Ã‚  According  to  The  Free  Dictionary,  Marxism  is  the  concept  that  Ã¢â‚¬Å"class  struggle  plays  a central  role  in  understanding  societys  allegedly  inevitable  development  from  bourgeois  oppression  under capitalism  to  a  socialist  and  ultimately  classless  society†Read MoreCha Roy : Ideas On Communism Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages MN Roy : Ideas on Communism In early 20th century, the Indian society suffered serious conflict against colonialism. So, there was need for a sustainable political model that would guide the society towards freedom from the colonial rule. Many political thinkers emerged at that time and there were persistent debates between different ideologies and thoughts regarding the same. One such thinker was MN Roy. He strongly believed that any major political change must end with a revolution and a revolutionRead MoreMarxist Criticism Is Always Concerned with the Class Struggle in History.1525 Words   |  7 Pagesand forming a classless society of their own. While offering a critique of communism in general, the book also serves to act as a mirror of Soviet Russia under Stalin. As reflected throughout the text, it was no secret Orwell considered Russia, and consequently Communism, a counter-revolutionary force that would inevitably become corrupted by greed and power. Indeed, perhaps in order to go further in offering a Marxist reading of the text, it is necessary to pass judgement on the author and theRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto And Das Kapital1507 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the paper was shut down, he went to Paris to co-edit a new political review. Marx adopted an extreme form of socialism which called for a revolution by the working class that would tear down the capitalist world. This ideology will be known as communism. In Paris, he befriended Friedrich Engels, a fellow Prussian who shared his views and was to become a lifelong collaborator. In 1845, due to his writings and ideas, Marx was removed from France and settled in Brussels. There, Marx renounced his PrussianRead MoreMarxist Theory On Capitalism And Communism1468 Words   |  6 PagesMARXIST MATERIALISM Marx was a philosopher and economist. He developed the concept of materialism to study the material things in society, i.e. the economy, that shape and affect the social life of individuals. Marx studied the work of Hegel, however rejected his predecessor’s focus on ideals because he recognized an essential connection with the problems of society and individuals and the material conditions of the society (Ritzer 2011: 21). Marx employed materialism in two facets of his theoreticalRead More Marxism and Religion Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesreligious phenomena.†[2] Karl Marx felt that there was nothing to be â€Å"distinguished between religious belief and superstition.†[3] In Marx’s writings and teaching he has a sort of war with different religions who disagree with his teachings. In Marxist teaching there are many levels in which debate occurs between Marxism and religion, such as, individually, within the family atmosphere, and in society at a n ational and international level. At an individual level there are many argumentsRead MoreThe Bolsheviks and Marxism1354 Words   |  5 Pageswhich highlights the hazy and unfixed nature of Marx and Engle’s writings on the ultimate, classless society they envisioned. Further, what they did write is subject to the differing interpretations by numerous socialist parties all claiming to be Marxist. As discussed earlier, Lenin claimed he simply reshaped Marxism to fit the conditions of Russia. Others argue his interpretation was not true Marxism at all. However, the basic principles of a socialist state in the eyes of Marx’s are outlined inRead More A Communist Society Essay example1053 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans find themselves living in today. Communism is a term of ancient origin and is not a form of political party, but a type of socialism where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Therefore, the individual members of this, foreign, society blend into one greater popul ist all striving to succeed the same goal. In a communist neighborhood everyone shares and there is no wealth, or poverty, no social status at all. This concept of communism comes from a man, Karl Marx, the author ofRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to remember that Marx and Engels lived in a very different era than today’s society, and the concept of capitalism may have arguably changed quite a lot over time. Therefore, the principles found in the Manifesto may often have to be refurnished and reapplied to fit different economic environments. The Communist Manifesto is a political pamphlet outlining the primary principles and goals of communism along with a comprehensive critique of capitalism. Primary to their argument is the proposition

Ticket Booking System Of Indian Cinema Chains And...

A PROJECT REPORT ON TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM IN INDIAN CINEMA CHAINS AND IMPROVEMENTS MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Session 2013 – 2015 Submitted by MOHIT CHAUDHARY (13810050) DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,ROORKEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Any assignment puts to litmus test of an individual knowledge credibility or experience and thus sole efforts of an individual are not sufficient to accomplish the successful completion of a project. It involves interest and efforts of many people and so this obligatory on the part to record my thanks to those who helped me out in the successful completion of my project. Life is a process of accumulating and discharging debts, not all of those can be measured. We cannot hope to discharge them with simple words of thanks but we can certainly acknowledge them. At this level of understanding it is often difficult to completed and assimilate a wide spectrum of knowledge without proper guidance and advice. Hence, I would like to thank my advisor DR. ZILLUR RAHMAN, for sharing his time to guide me every week helping my project run smoothly. Finally, I would like to thank every committee member for guiding me in the project. Mohit Chaudhary Table of Contents TOPICS PageShow MoreRelatedMovie Exhibition 2013 Avengers6511 Words   |  27 Pagesthan $1 billion each in global ticket sales (see Exhibit 1). Behind the scenes, the success, even the fundamental health of the exhibition industry, is far less clear, however. Consider these contradictions: - Domestic ticket revenues grew 6 percent in 2012, but that volume ranks just 13th since 1980. The 1.364 billion tickets sold is down 13 percent from the most recent high in 2002 of 1.575 billion (see Exhibit 2). 2012‘s record revenues resulted from ticket price increases, not more attendeesRead MoreDisney: Losing Magic in the Middle Kingdom16116 Words   |  65 Pagesmajor blow after a ticketing hiccup during the Chinese New Year in February 2006, when many mainland tourists with valid tickets were barred from entering due to overcrowding, causing a chaotic scene in front of the TV news cameras. The attendance rate declined rapidly thereafter. Even though tremendous effort was made to lure back the crowd, no spectacular improvement was recorded. Factors such as the park’s small size, inconvenient location, lack of unique features, insufficient appeal toRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesbenefits to society. These benefits include: †¢ Developing products that satisfy needs, including products that enhance society’s quality of life †¢ Creating a competitive environment that helps lower product prices †¢ Developing product distribution systems that offer access to products to a large number of customers and many geographic regions †¢ Building demand for products that require organizations to expand their labor force †¢ Offering techniques that have the ability to convey messages that changeRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 PagesHousehold Food and Non-food Consumables Shop ...................................................... 47 Top-up Food Shopping ........................................................................................................... 47 Shopping for Big-ticket Items .................................................................................................. 47 Personal Shopping ................................................................................................................. 48 E-commerc eRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 PagesGUIDE TO THE MAIN FOCUS OF CASES IN THE BOOK 601 PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK CASE Ekomate – an Indian company uses networks and relationships to internationalise. Eden Project (B) – latest developments in a successful tourist attraction. Brown Bag Films – strategy development and strategic choice for a small business in an international market ACME – innovation and entrepreneurship in the Indian mobile phone industry. Wimm-Bill-Dann – where from here for a high growth diversified Russian conglomerateRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagessandwiches, fries, sodas and milkshakes, were in common with the rest of the McDonald’s system. In 1998, McDonald’s India set up a menu development team to collect consumer feedback. Subsequently, the team came up with its menu vision, and new products since then have been based on this vision. The adaptation of the strategy went well beyond the menu, encompassing many aspects of the restaurant management system. Two different menu boards were displayed in each rest aurant – green for vegetarian productsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesNew York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning

Dinosaurs (1032 words) Essay Example For Students

Dinosaurs (1032 words) Essay DinosaursWhen dinosaur bones were first found they thought that they belongedto giant lizards. The word dinosaur means terrible lizard. The largerdinosaurs must have seemed to be terrible to the smaller animals. Some ofthe first dinosaurs were only about as big as a small dog. That is how bigthe horses of that time were. Over the years, as the dinosaurs aged, theygrew to be much more large in size. The sizes of dinosaurs ranged greatly,all the way from two feet long to one hundred and fifty feet long. Theyweighed as much as fifty tons, which is seven African Bull Elephants.Wefirst discovered the fossils and bones shortly under the surface of theEarth. After scientists got more into the study they started to dig deeperdown. The fossils get so deep because of the years of rocks and dirt thatwere piled up on it. Some also get buried if a dinosaur were to die nextto a river, and over the years the river probably changed courses a little,so therefore the bones would be covered up. They wo uld actually be in thebank of the river. Evolutionistic ViewThe Evolutionary theory states that everything evolved over millionsof years. Evolutionists say that dinosaurs came from six million yearsback. They also say that the Earth is four to six billion years old. Theysay that fifty million years ago there was horses no bigger than dogs, andbirds as tall as man, three hundred million years ago giant dragon fliesbuzzed around in the large forests, six million years ago small animals,called trilobites, lived in the sea and were rulers of the world. Evolutionists think that the world started off with just plants on it, thencame many- legged animals from the sea (walking fish) that took over. Theyfeel that a certain kind of fish evolved into the first four-footedanimals. After millions of years those animals tuned into dinosaurs. Thatis how dinosaurs got started. Then finally the dinosaurs died off andlittle, furry, four-legged creatures appeared. These animals were calledmammals, which then took over the world. Then those mammals evolved intoman. The Evolutionists believe, very strongly, that dinosaurs were extinctmillions of years before there were even any people to walk the Earth. Why did dinosaurs become extinct? The Evolutionists had a hard time trying to explain why dinosaursbecame extinct. They had over fifty-five different theories that wouldjust come and go. Out of all of those explanations not one of them was asatisfactory one. A theory that works for large animals would not work forsmall animals, and vise-versa. Whatever happened, Evolutionists agree thatit must have been a catastrophe on a world-wide scale. Christians ViewGod created all the animals, including the first dinosaurs Genesis1:20-25. He made everything in the entire universe people, stars,planets, and all that there is. Exodus 20:11, John 1:3. Those are notthe exact words of those verses, but it is a summary. What that says thereis that God created everything on Earth and that includes Earth itself,therefore dinosaurs had to have been created by God, which proves evolutionwrong. Dinosaurs are even mentioned in the Bible, of course not by the termdinosaur. It uses the ancient name behemoth. The Bible bestdescription of a dinosaur is in Job 41:15-24. Job is a very old book,probably written around 2000 B.C. Here God describes one of the largerdinosaurs. It is said to be describing a Brachiosaurus. It is a giantplant eating animal with strong bones. It is not afraid of anything. InJob this dinosaur is compared to the ancient ceder. .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .postImageUrl , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:hover , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:visited , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:active { border:0!important; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:active , .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4 .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34e18b472c82914c712bd1e5375b3eb4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Made Up Fairy Tale EssayLook at the behemoth which I made along with you andwhich feeds on grass like an ox. What strength he hasin his loins, what power in the muscles of his belly!His tail sways like a ceder; the sinews of his thighsare close-knit. His bones are tubes among the worksof God, yet his maker can approach him with His sword. The hills bring them their produce, and all the wildanimals play nearby. Under the lotus plant he lies-Job 41:15-24 There are tracks in Texas that are embedded in hard rock that show thatdinosaurs and man walked at the same time. There is one human track andone dinosaur track seventeen inches apart. I think that shows the thoughtthat dinosaur and man never saw each other is wrong. ComparisonFrom all the facts here I believe that the Christian theory iscorrect. The Evolutionists couldnt find a reason for the disappearance ofthe dinosaurs, and I think that the flood wiped all but the one that wereon the Ark. After the flood the dinosaurs could not handle the conditions,so they all died off. The theory of the canopy collapsing, I believe is whydinosaurs are gone. The atmosphere after the flood was too harsh and hot. Also there was a big air pressure release after the flood. After doing myresearch, I do not understand how Evolutionists believe what they do. ContrastIn Evolution the beginning of time was started by accident. Theplanets just popped into place. That opposes the Christian theory. Christians feel that God place all of the planets in a specific place. Creation was a matter of time. It took six days for the universe to becreated. According to Evolution it just happened instantly. You can readanything in Genesis 1 and you will contradict the Evolutionary theory. SupportWe as Christians must not believe in Evolution because it iscompletely against what the Bible teaches. Some Christians believe inEvolution, but I do not understand how they can. It says right in Genesis1 that it took God six days to create the world, not millions of years. Evolutionists says that we dont even get in touch with dinosaurs, howcant we? Adam named all of the animals. In my research I found there arethree things we need to know about dinosaurs. 1) They did not evolve. 2) They fit perfectly in with the Bibles record of history. Godcreated them and they are even in the Bible. 3) The Bible explains why they became extinct- the Flood.

Lucille Sykes assessment Essay Example For Students

Lucille Sykes assessment Essay Laws need to be changed. Kathy Liebler, a representative said that there have been no records of complaints or disciplinary actions against midwifes. Salina Walters said that most of the thirty-one members of her organization work covertly and are not licensed by the state. Lucille not only delivers babies but also provides parental care. She checks the clients blood pressure, checks their weight and also listens to the heartbeat of the foetus. She also checks their urine for any possible signs of health problems. The Amish prefer to have their babies at home because of the impersonal treatment and the high cost at the hospitals. John Hostetler said that they want more of a family orientation. The issue of whether or not a midwife is licence wouldnt matter to the Amish. John Hostetler also mentioned that if any complications did occur during a delivery in an Amish home, Lucille goes to the nearest home with a phone and call for medical help. The Amish dont believe in using modern technology and believe in keeping separate. By give birth to a child in hospital, it would be breaking their tradition. Judge and Jury Lucille Sykes has been found guilty. She had been working as an unregistered midwife exclusive of qualifications or a licence. Lucille knew she was doing the immoral thing and was also told that she was breaking the law. The director of children and youth services Eugene Montone told her that he would file charges against her if she sustained delivering babies. Two weeks later she did it again and delivered another baby behind her house for the Amish. She completely ignored what she had been told and deserves to be punished. If she stuck to her promise, a dilemma wouldnt have occurred, yet she didnt and made matters of inferior quality. The Amish dont believe in modern technology and transportation; nevertheless, they broke their tradition by going to Sykes home by an ambulance. If they broke their tradition by undertaking that, they could indubitably be capable of going to the hospital and have their child delivered there. Lucille Sykes performs checks on her clients, but there is no way she can get in touch with a doctor or a qualified midwife within five to ten minutes unless she rapidly sets off on foot to find one or travels by the horse and carriage which will take them ages. If they Amish attend a hospital, they will be provided with all the accurate and correct equipment and midwifes that have had a nursing degree to become a midwife, three years off experience to become a nurse and midwifery exams. The hospital will supply the Amish community with all the care and management they need. Everyone should be treated with equality in view of the fact that we all live under the same laws, which should be followed. If Lucille Sykes is allowed to do it, other women out there will be influenced and the number of unqualified midwives will be unimaginable. If she is charged and punished, people will think twice before they act. If its not stopped, it will be both impossible and unfair to stop them since someone like Lucille Sykes wasnt dealt with. In life, there will be and will have to be a time where you will have to sacrifice one or more things. The Amish community should acknowledge that a newborn baby should be born in an environment, which contains the babys requirements and care. The Amish home doesnt have what the baby needs and nor does Lucille Sykes. .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .postImageUrl , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:hover , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:visited , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:active { border:0!important; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:active , .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9 .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45929331aef91a64deb759b204c0edd9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Baz Luhrmann's adaptation of the classic Romeo and Juliet EssayLucille has given her self a bad reputation and has been counted as being greedy for money. She carried on because she was either greedy or desperate for the money. If she wasnt, she could have taken the degree and qualifications. It is thoroughly unreasonable and unfair that people have to go through years of qualifications, training and nursing to get to be a qualified midwife where as some one like Lucille Sykes gets the easy way out of it. The law states that licensed midwifes in Pennsylvania must also pass an examination, Lucille hasnt got any evidence or proof to show she is licensed or qualified. Maybe a problem hasnt occurred yet, it might not even occur for quiet a while, but when one does, the lack of responsibility on the unqualified midwife will be excruciating for them.

Was Machiavelli Satan Essays - Machiavellianism, The Prince

Was Machiavelli Satan? The Church accused Niccolo Machiavelli of being Satan for writing his book The Prince. Machiavelli completed The Prince in 1513. He wrote it as a gift to Lorenzo Medici, called the Magnificent, ruler of Florence. The political views Machiavelli expressed in his book went against the theology of the Church, specifically the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes. Machiavelli wrote to gain control of a principality one must be brutal. (I)f you are a prince in possession of a newly acquired state and deem it necessary. . . to annihilate those who can or must attack you. . . . , you must do so to protect your principality. He gave the example of Duke Valentino's slaying of his nobles to maintain order, saying if Valentino had not killed his men, Valentino would have lost power. The Bible strongly forbids the killing of anyone. The Sixth Commandment states You shall not murder. In what is known as the Beatitudes, from Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, the Bible also says those who are meek shall inherit the earth. A meek person certainly does not kill others for standing in his or her way like Machiavelli is suggesting to be done. Another verse from the Beatitudes says those who are peacemakers will be called sons of God. Peacemakers do not kill either. For Machiavelli to say if killing a person is for the betterment of your principality, then to do so went against God's rule and the Church's. True followers of the Church abide by the Church beliefs, because if you are not for God, you are for Satan. As a ruler a prince must make certain pledges and steadfast promises; however, Machiavelli reasons that a prince does not have to keep his word all the time. The prince can pledge one thing under certain circumstances; but if those circumstances change, he is free to change his pledge if the change should benefit his situation. For instance, Pope Alexander VI, who reigned before Machiavelli wrote The Prince, made promises more persuasively or swore to them more solemnly and kept so few of them . . . . Pope Alexander VI also got what he wanted by deceiving others. The Beatitudes say those who desire righteousness will be filled; those who are pure of heart will see God. Righteousness and purity do not occur through deception. The ninth of the Ten Commandments says You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor, meaning do not lie. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament, says Do no break your oath . . . . The Church had good reason to disagree with Machiavelli about cra ftiness. Nobility for princes can be seen as one of two ways: generous or parsimonious. If a prince is generous, his generosity usually comes at the expense of his subjects. The prince would have to tax his people heavily in order to give. This will begin to make him odious to his subjects and . . . will lose him the respect of everyone. For a prince to give money, he need not tax his people, rather give what he pillaged and stole while on various campaigns. If a prince is stingy with the peoples money, he will not tax as much; thus, his subjects will honor him more. The teachings of the Church and the Bible promote generosity, and remark that keeping one's wealth to oneself will lead to self destruction, Hell. The teachings likewise include You shall not steal. Although his ideas were contrary to those of the Church and of the Bible, Machiavelli can not be compared with Satan. He was promoting the survival of a principality at any cost. He said a prince will find things which, though seeming good, will lead to his ruin if pursued, and others which, though seeming evil, will result in his safety and well-being. Machiavelli also said that if a ruler gains control by cruelty and wickedness the ruler is without virtue, and he cannot be compared to men of good character. He does not condone this type of behavior, he merely contends it is necessary to exist as a prince. Various people in the Bible killed others. One of

Quintilian - Marcus Fabius Quintilianus

Quintilian - Marcus Fabius Quintilianus Influence: A first century A.D. Roman who came to prominence under Emperor Vespasian, Quintilian wrote about education and rhetoric, exerting a strong influence in the schools the Romans spread throughout the Empire. His influence on education continued from his day until the 5th century. It was revived briefly in the 12th century in France. The Humanists at the end of the 14th century renewed interest in Quintilian and a complete text of his Institutio Oratoria was found in Switzerland. It was first printed in Rome in 1470. Birth of Quintilian: Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian) was born c. A.D. 35 in Calagurris, Spain. His father may have taught rhetoric there. Training: Quinitilian went to Rome when he was about 16. The orator Domitius Afer (d. A.D. 59), who held office under Tiberius, Caligula, and Nero, taught him. After his teachers death, he returned to Spain. Quintilian and the Roman Emperors: Quintilian returned to Rome with emperor-to-be Galba, in A.D. 68. In A.D. 72, he was one of the rhetoricians to receive a subsidy from Emperor Vespasian. Illustrious Pupils: Pliny the Younger was one of Quintilians students. Tacitus and Suetonius may also have been his students. He also taught Domitians two grandnephews. Public Recognition: In A.D. 88, Quintilian was made the head of the first public school of Rome, according to Jerome.Source:Quintilian on the Teaching of Speaking and Writing. Edited by James J. Murphy. 1987. Institutio Oratio: In c. A.D. 90, he retired from teaching. He then wrote his Institutio Oratoria. For Quintilian, the ideal orator or rhetorician was skilled in speaking and also a moral man (vir bonus dicendi peritus). James J. Murphy describes the Institutio Oratoria as a treatise on education, a manual of rhetoric, a readers guide to the best authors, and a handbook of the moral duties of the orator. Although much of what Quintilian writes is similar to Cicero, Quintilian emphasizes teaching. The Death of Quintilian: When Quintilian died is unknown, but it is thought to have been prior to A.D. 100. Go to other Ancient / Classical History pages on Roman men beginning with the letters: A-G | H-M | N-R | S-Z

Discuss how the credit crunch could affect corporate decision making Essay

Discuss how the credit crunch could affect corporate decision making over the next few years - Essay Example Taking the Asian example, in the years succeeding 1997, both the demand and supply were determined to have been affected by the credit crunch. Demand for credit declined as consumption and investment were sharply reduced due to uncertainty, overcapacity, weakening economic conditions, and the negative wealth effect arising from a fall in asset prices. The borrowers lost credit worthiness, which made banks reluctant to lend, even at higher interest rates. The financial system will also be affected in such a situation, resulting in the decline of supply of credit, which further weakens its demand (Lindgren, 1999, p. 24 - 25). According to Jubak (2007), in a credit crunch, lenders stop lending and credit becomes tough to obtain. Credit crunch is a crisis that feeds on fear and uncertainty. A lender can compensate for fear by raising interest rates, tightening credit standards or writing more protective covenants into the terms of a loan. But if the size of the losses is uncertain enough, lenders cant compensate for the additional risk because lenders dont know how large that risk might be. Credit crunch is characterized by extremely depressed liquidity and deteriorated balance sheet positions for households, corporations and financial institutions; sharply increased interest rates as all sectors scramble for remaining available funds; rising yield differentials as investors sell risky investments and switch to safe assets; a severely depresses stock market; and the inability of many borrowers to obtain funds at any cost (Wolfson, 1994, p. 22). The supply of funds is restricted not only because of the tight monetary policy by reducing bank reserves, but also due to smaller deposit inflows to financial institutions and reduced savings flows (Wolfson, 1994, p. 22). In order to study the causes of credit crunch, Clair and Tucker (1993) focus on the Texas banking industry and the credit crunch phase of seven years starting 1986. The authors